Sisebenzisa iikuki ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengokugcina ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lwewebhusayithi yeFT, umxholo wobuqu kunye neentengiso, ukubonelela ngeempawu zemidiya yoluntu, kunye nokuhlalutya indlela iwebhusayithi yethu esetyenziswa ngayo.
Njengabaninzi, uGary Sharkey ebelandela uphuhliso lwamva nje kuhlaselo lwaseRussia lwaseUkraine.Kodwa umdla wakhe awupheleliselwanga kubantu ngabanye: Njengomlawuli wokuthenga eHovis, omnye wababhaki abakhulu base-UK, uSharkey unoxanduva lokukhangela yonke into ukusuka kwiinkozo zesonka ukuya. intsimbi koomatshini.
IRashiya ne-Ukraine zombini ngabathengisi bamazwe angaphandle okuziinkozo ababalulekileyo, malunga nesinye kwisithathu sorhwebo lwengqolowa yehlabathi phakathi kwabo.KuHovis, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso engqolowa okubangelwa luhlaselo kunye nezohlwayo ezalandelayo kwiRashiya zineendleko ezibalulekileyo kwishishini layo.
"I-Ukraine neRashiya - ukuhamba kweenkozo kuLwandle oluMnyama kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimarike zehlabathi," kusho u-Sharkey, njengoko ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kumazwe omabini kuye kwayeka.
U-Sharkey ukwalathe ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso e-aluminiyam. umthengisi wesibini ngobukhulu.
“Yonke into ilungile.Kukho iprimiyamu yomngcipheko wezopolitiko kwiimveliso ezininzi, "umphathi oneminyaka engama-55 ubudala, ephawula ukuba amaxabiso engqolowa anyuke nge-51% kule minyaka ili-12 idlulileyo kwaye amaxabiso egesi athengiswayo eYurophu anyuke phantse nge-600%.
Uhlaselo lwase-Ukraine lubeke isithunzi kushishino lwempahla yorhwebo, njengoko yenze ukuba kube nzima ukungayihoyi imigca yempazamo ye-geopolitical ehamba kwiimarike zemathiriyeli ekrwada.
Imingcipheko yezopolitiko iyanda.Ungquzulwano ngokwalo kunye nezigwebo zaseRashiya zenza umonakalo kwiimarike ezininzi, ngakumbi ingqolowa.Ukunyuka kweendleko zamandla kuneempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kwezinye iimarike zorhwebo, kuquka neendleko zezichumisi ezisetyenziswa ngamafama.
Ngaphezulu koko, abarhwebi bempahla kunye nabaphathi bokuthenga baxhalaba ngakumbi malunga neendlela ezininzi zezinto ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe njengezixhobo zomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle-ingakumbi ukuba ukuphuhliswa kweMfazwe entsha yeCold kwahlula iRashiya, kwaye mhlawumbi iChina, evela eUnited States. .Intshona.
Kangangeminyaka engamashumi amathathu edlulileyo, ishishini leemveliso belingomnye wemizekelo ekwinqanaba eliphezulu lokudityaniswa kwehlabathi, kudala ubutyebi obuninzi kwiinkampani zorhwebo ezidibanisa abathengi kunye nabathengisi bemathiriyeli ekrwada.
Ipesenti yazo zonke ii-neon ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zivela eRashiya nase-Ukraine.Izibane ze-neon ziphuma kwimveliso yentsimbi kwaye ziyimathiriyeli ekrwada engundoqo yokwenziwa kwetshiphu.Xa iRashiya ingena empuma ye-Ukraine ngo-2014, ixabiso lezibane ze-neon linyuke nge-600%, libangela ukuphazamiseka kwishishini le-semiconductor
Ngelixa iiprojekthi ezininzi zomntu kwiindawo ezifana nemigodi bezisoloko zisongelwe kwezopolitiko, imarike ngokwayo yakhiwe malunga nomnqweno wokuvula unikezelo lwehlabathi jikelele. Ukuthengwa kwabaphathi abanjengoHovis 'Sharkey bakhathazeke ngexabiso, singasathethi ke ngokukwazi ukufumana umthombo wemveliso. iimathiriyeli ekrwada abazidingayo.
Utshintsho kwimbono kwishishini leemveliso sele luthatha iminyaka elishumi. Njengoko uxinzelelo phakathi kwe-US ne-China luya luqina, ukubamba kweBeijing ekuboneleleni ngomhlaba onqabileyo-isinyithi esisetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezininzi zokwenziwa kwemveliso-iphakamisa uloyiko lokuba unikezelo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada. inokuba sisixhobo sezopolitiko.
Kodwa kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, iminyhadala emibini eyohlukeneyo izise ugqaliselo olungakumbi. Ubhubhani we-Covid-19 uqaqambise ubungozi bokuxhomekeka kwinani elincinci lamazwe okanye iinkampani, okukhokelela ekuphazamisekeni okuqatha kobonelelo ngoku, ukusuka kwiinkozo ukuya kumandla ukuya kwisinyithi. , Ukuhlasela kweRashiya eUkraine kusisikhumbuzo sendlela amanye amazwe anokuba nempembelelo enkulu ngayo ekuboneleleni ngemathiriyeli ekrwada ngenxa yezabelo zabo ezinkulu zemarike kwizinto ezibalulekileyo.
I-Russia ayingomniki ophambili wegesi yendalo eYurophu kuphela, kodwa ikwalawula imarike kwezinye izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanya ioyile, ingqolowa, ialuminiyam kunye nepalladium.
“Izinto zorhwebo zinezixhobo ixesha elide…isoloko ingumbuzo wokuba amazwe atsala nini na,” utshilo uFrank Fannon, owayesakuba ngusekela nobhala welizwe kwimithombo yamandla.
Impendulo yexesha elifutshane yezinye iinkampani kunye noorhulumente kwimfazwe yaseUkraine ibe kukwandisa uluhlu lwempahla yezinto ezibalulekileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kuye kwanyanzelela ishishini ukuba liqwalasele amanye amakhonkco okubonelela ukunqanda ungquzulwano lwezoqoqosho kunye nemali phakathi kweRashiya. kunye neNtshona.
“Ihlabathi ngokucacileyo linikela ingqalelo engakumbi kwimibandela [yezobupolitika] kunokuba lalinjalo kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-15 eyadlulayo,” watsho uJean-Francois Lambert, owayesakuba ngumcebisi webhanki norhwebo ocebisa amaziko emali neefemu zorhwebo.Lambert) uthe.” Emva koko imalunga nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi.Imalunga namakhonkco obonelelo asebenzayo.Ngoku abantu banexhala, ngaba sinayo into, siyafikelela kuyo? ”
Umothuko kwimarike ngabavelisi abalawula uninzi lwesabelo semveliso yezinto ezithile asiyonto intsha.Umothuko we-oyile ngeminyaka yee-1970, xa ukuvalwa kwe-oyile ye-OPEC kwathumela amaxabiso akrwada anyukayo, okukhokelele ekunyukeni kokudodobala kwabarhwebi beoyile kumazwe ngamazwe.
Ukusukela ngoko, urhwebo luye lwanda kakhulu kwihlabathi kwaye iimarike zinxibelelene. ukuhamba kweemveliso.
IRashiya isebenzisa igesi yendalo ukuthumela eYurophu, ivelisa ithemba lobutyebi bendalo obusetyenziswa njengezixhobo.I-Russia ibala malunga neepesenti ze-40 ze-EU zokusetyenziswa kwegesi.Nangona kunjalo, ukuthunyelwa kweRashiya kumntla-ntshona weYurophu kwehle nge-20% ukuya kwi-25% yesine. kwikota yonyaka ophelileyo, ngokutsho kwe-International Energy Agency, emva kokuba inkampani yegesi exhaswa ngurhulumente i-Gazprom yamkele isicwangciso sokuhlangabezana nezivumelwano zexesha elide.Ukuzibophelela kwaye ungaboneleli ngobonelelo olongezelelweyo kwimarike yendawo.
Ipesenteji enye yegesi yendalo yehlabathi iveliswa eRashiya.Uhlaselo lwaseUkraine sisikhumbuzo sendlela amanye amazwe anempembelelo enkulu ngayo ekuboneleleni ngezinto ezikrwada ezifana negesi yendalo.
NgoJanuwari, intloko ye-Arhente yezaMandla yaMazwe ngaMazwe, uFatih Birol, utyhola ukunyuka kwamaxabiso erhasi ngenxa yokuba iRussia ibambe igesi eYurophu.” Sikholelwa ukuba kukho ukungavisisani okumandla kwimarike yerhasi yaseYurophu ngenxa yokuziphatha kweRussia,” utshilo.
Nanjengoko iJamani iye yamisa inkqubo yokuvunywa kweNord Stream 2 kwiveki ephelileyo, i-tweet yowayesakuba ngumongameli waseRussia nosekela-mongameli uDmitry Medvedev yabonwa ngabanye njengesoyikiso esifihlakeleyo ekuthembekeni kwalo mmandla kwigesi yaseRussia.” Wamkelekile kwiLizwe Elitsha Elinobukroti, apho abantu baseYurophu kungekudala beza kuhlawula iieuro ezingama-2 000 nge-1 000 yeecubic metres zegesi!”Wathi uMedvedev.
"Njengoko unikezelo lugxininisekile, kukho imingcipheko engenakuthintelwa," utshilo uRandolph Bell, umlawuli wamandla wehlabathi kwi-Atlantic Council, itanki yokucinga yobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe e-US.“Kucacile ukuba [iRashiya] isebenzisa igesi yendalo njengesixhobo sezobupolitika.”
Kubahlalutyi, izohlwayo ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili kwibhanki ephakathi yaseRussia - ezikhokelele ekuwohlokeni kwe-ruble kwaye zihamba nezibhengezo zezopolitiko zaseYurophu "zemfazwe yezoqoqosho" - zinyuse umngcipheko wokuba iRussia ibambe iimpahla ezithile.
Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, ukongamela kweRussia kwiintsimbi ezithile kunye neegesi ezibekekileyo kunokuba nefuthe kuwo wonke amatyathanga obonelelo oluninzi.Xa inkampani ye-aluminium iRusal yafakwa kuluhlu olumnyama ngamaziko emali kulandela izohlwayo zase-US ngo-2018, amaxabiso anyuke ngesithathu, esonakalisa ishishini lemoto.
Ipesenti enye ye-palladium yehlabathi iveliswa eRashiya.Abenzi be-automakers basebenzisa le element yekhemikhali ukususa ukukhutshwa okuyityhefu kumbhobho.
Eli lizwe likwangumvelisi omkhulu wepalladium, esetyenziswa ngabavelisi beemoto ukususa ukukhutshwa okunetyhefu ekukhupheni, kunye neplatinum, ubhedu kunye ne-nickel yeebhetri zemoto yombane.IRashiya kunye ne-Ukraine nazo zingabathengisi abakhulu be-neon, igesi engenavumba. a byproduct of steelmaking kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada engundoqo ukuze chipmaking.
Ngokutsho kwe-American research firm Techcet, izibane ze-neon zihlanjululwa kwaye ziphuculwe ziinkampani ezininzi zase-Ukraine ezikhethekileyo.Xa iRashiya yahlasela impuma ye-Ukraine ngo-2014, ixabiso lezibane ze-neon linyuke ngeepesenti ezingama-600 phantse ngobusuku obunye, lwenza umonakalo kwishishini le-semiconductor.
"Silindele ukuxinana kwezopolitiko kunye nomngcipheko we-premia kuzo zonke izinto ezisisiseko ukuba ziqhubeke ixesha elide emva kokuhlasela kweRussia eUkraine.IRashiya ineempembelelo ezinzulu kwiimarike zempahla yehlabathi, kwaye ingxabano eqhubekayo inempembelelo enkulu, Ngokukodwa ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso, "kusho u-JPMorgan umhlalutyi uNatasha Kaneva.
Mhlawumbi enye yezona ziphumo zixhalabisayo zemfazwe yaseUkraine kumaxabiso okuziinkozo kunye nokutya.Ungquzulwano luza ngexesha apho amaxabiso okutya sele exhomile, isiphumo sokungavuni kakuhle kwihlabathi jikelele.
I-Ukraine isenayo isitokhwe esikhulu esifumanekayo sokuthengisa ngaphandle xa kuthelekiswa nesivuno sonyaka ophelileyo, kwaye ukuphazamiseka kokuthumela ngaphandle kunokuba “neziphumo ezibi zokungakhuseleki kokutya kumazwe asele ebuthathaka axhomekeke kukutya kwaseUkraine,” utshilo uCaitlin Welsh, umlawuli weZiko leNkqubo yoKhuseleko lokuTya lweHlabathi.Yithi.Itanki yokucinga yaseMelika kunye neZifundo zaMazwe ngaMazwe.
Kumazwe ali-14 apho ingqolowa yase-Ukraine iyimfuneko yokungenisa elizweni, phantse isiqingatha sele sinengxaki yokungakhuseleki kokutya okukhulu, kuquka iLebhanon neYemen, ngokutsho kweCSIS.Kodwa impembelelo ayiphelelanga kula mazwe.Uthe uhlaselo lwaseRashiya lubangele amaxabiso amandla inyuka kwaye ibeka emngciphekweni "wokuqhuba ukungabikho kokutya okuphezulu."
Kwanangaphambi kokuba iMoscow ihlasele iUkraine, ukungavisisani kwezopolitiko kweYurophu kuye kwangena kwimarike yokutya yehlabathi. njenge-China ne-Russia, nabo bathumela izichumisi ezinkulu ngaphandle, ukukhusela iimpahla zasekhaya.
Kwiinyanga zokugqibela zika-2021, ukunqongophala okukhulu kwezichumisi kuye kwathwaxa ezilalini zaseIndiya-ilizwe elixhomekeke ekuthengeni phesheya malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zezondlo zalo eziphambili zezityalo - okukhokelela kuqhanqalazo kunye nokungquzulana namapolisa kumbindi namantla welizwe. UGanesh Nanote, umfama waseMaharashtra, eIndiya, onezityalo ezisusela kumqhaphu ukuya kwiisiriyeli, uvaleleke kugxalathelana lokufumana izondlo eziphambili zezityalo ngaphambi kwexesha lezityalo zasebusika.
“I-DAP [diammonium phosphate] kunye nepotash zinqongophele,” watsho, esongeza ukuba i-chickert, ibhanana kunye nezityalo zakhe zetswele zichaphazelekile, nangona ekwazile ukufumana ezinye izondlo ngamaxabiso aphezulu.” Ukunyuswa kwamaxabiso ezichumiso kukhokelela kwilahleko.”
Abahlalutyi balindele ukuba amaxabiso e-phosphate ahlale ephezulu de i-China isuse isithintelo sayo sokuthumela ngaphandle phakathi enyakeni, ngelixa ukungavisisani eBelarus kungafane kuphele nanini na.” Kunzima ukubona iipremiyamu [zepotashi] zisehla,” utshilo uChris Lawson, umlawuli wezichumiso kumcebisi. I-CRU.
Abanye abahlalutyi bakholelwa ukuba impembelelo ekhulayo yaseRashiya kwindawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union ekugqibeleni inokudala imeko apho iMoscow ibambelele ngokuqinileyo kwimarike yengqolowa yehlabathi - ngakumbi ukuba ifumana i-Ukraine.I-Belarus ngoku ihambelana neRashiya, ngelixa iMoscow. kutshanje ithumele imikhosi ukuya kuxhasa urhulumente womnye umlimi ophambili wengqolowa, eKazakhstan. itanki yokucinga yomgaqo-nkqubo.
Besazi iinkxalabo ezikhulayo malunga nokuxinana kwezinto ezithengiswayo, abanye oorhulumente kunye neenkampani zithatha amanyathelo okuzama ukunciphisa impembelelo ngokwakha uluhlu lweempahla.Sikubonile oku ukusuka kwixesha le-Covid.Wonke umntu uyaqonda ukuba ikhonkco lokubonelela elisebenzayo lisebenza ngamaxesha agqibeleleyo kwihlabathi, ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo, ”utshilo uLambert.
Ngokomzekelo, i-Egypt iqokelele ingqolowa kwaye urhulumente uthi inokutya okwaneleyo kokutya okuvela kumazwe angaphandle kunye nesivuno esilindelekileyo sasekhaya ngoNovemba. imakethi” kwanokuba i-Egypt iye yahlukana ngokuthengwa kwengqolowa kwaye ixoxa ngokuthenga kwee-hedging kwiibhanki zotyalo-mali.
Ukuba ukugcinwa kuyimpendulo yexesha elifutshane kwingxaki, impendulo yexesha elide inokuphinda idlule ishumi leminyaka edlulileyo kwimihlaba enqabileyo, amaminerali asetyenziswa kwiimveliso zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ukusuka kwii-injini zomoya ukuya kwiimoto zombane.
I-China ilawula malunga nesine-esihlanu semveliso yehlabathi kunye nokunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okulinganiselweyo ngo-2010, ithumela amaxabiso enyuka kunye nokuzimisela kwayo ukwenza imali kulawulo lwayo oluphawulweyo.Babonise [ukuzimisela] ukusebenzisa olo gxininiso lwamandla ukuphumeza amandla e-geopolitical,” utshilo uBell we-Atlantic Council.
Ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwabo kwimihlaba enqabileyo yaseTshayina, i-United States, iJapan kunye ne-Australia baye bachitha iminyaka elishumi edlulileyo becwangcisa iindlela zokuphuhlisa izinto ezintsha.Iveki ephelileyo, uMongameli uJoe Biden ubhengeze ukuba ulawulo luya kutyala imali ye-35 yezigidi zeedola kwi-MP Materials, okwangoku kuphela i-US. Inkampani enqabileyo yokwembiwa komhlaba kunye nenkampani esekwe eCalifornia.
ISebe lezoKhuselo lase-US lixhase iiprojekthi ezininzi, kubandakanywa iprojekthi enkulu ye-Lynas e-Kalgoorlie, eNtshona Australia.Ilizwe likhaya kwezinye imigodi emitsha emininzi, enye exhaswa ngurhulumente wase-Australia.
Kwisicwangciso esinokubakho seprojekthi yaseYangibana eNtshona Ostreliya, ephuhliswe yiHastings Technology Metals, abasebenzi bakha iindlela ezigangathiweyo ezijikeleze iGascoyne Junction, induli ekwanti enamatye malunga nama-25km entshona yeMount Augustus., ephindwe kabini ngobukhulu bentaba edume ngakumbi iUluru, eyayisakuba yiAyers Rock.
Abasebenzi bokuqala kwesi siza babesemba iindlela besomba amatye amakhulu, nto leyo eyawenza wanzima ngakumbi umsebenzi wabo.” Bakhalazela ukuba bahlasela amazantsi eNtaba kaAgasto,” latsho njalo igosa eliyintloko lezemali lakwaHastings uMatthew Allen.Inkampani ifumene i-140 yezigidi zeedola zase-Australia mboleko yenkxaso-mali exhaswa ngurhulumente ukuphuhlisa umgodi waseYangibana, njengenxalenye yeprojekthi yayo entsha engundoqo.Icebo leMineral.
I-Hastings ilindele ukuba, xa sele isebenze ngokupheleleyo kwiminyaka emibini, i-Yangibana iya kuhlangabezana ne-8% yemfuno yehlabathi jikelele ye-neodymium kunye ne-praseodymium, ezimbini kwiiminerali zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ze-17 kunye nezona zimbiwa zifunwa kakhulu. iminyaka inokutyhala inani liye kwisithathu sobonelelo lwehlabathi, ngokutsho kwabahlalutyi boshishino.
Ipesenti enye yezinto ezinqabileyo zehlabathi ziveliswa eChina.Ezi zimbiwa ezisetyenziswa kwiimveliso zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ukusuka kwiiinjini zomoya ukuya kwiimoto zombane.I-US kunye namanye amazwe azama ukuphuhlisa ezinye izinto
E-UK, uHovis 'Sharkey uthe uxhomekeke kunxibelelwano lwakhe lwexesha elide ekukhuseleni iimpahla. Xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ngoku usebenza namanqanaba ahlukeneyo ababoneleli ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kobonelelo kulo lonke ishishini lethu. ”
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-29-2022